This research report highlights the paradox of the global energy transition in the critical minerals sector, particularly tin extraction in Mapur Village, Bangka Belitung. Despite Bangka Belitung's strategic role as a supplier of nearly 20% of the world's tin for the semiconductor and clean energy industries, local communities face serious impacts in the form of ecological damage, a living space crisis, and structural poverty. The study shows that the dominant audit and certification approaches tend to be administrative and technocratic, thus failing to capture the reality of human rights violations and damage at the ground level.
Through the approach Community-Based Human Rights Impact Assessment (COBHRA), this study places affected communities as the primary subjects in identifying and assessing the impacts of company operations. The research findings reveal practices supply chain laundering, environmental degradation exceeding the ecosystem's carrying capacity, tenure insecurity for the Mapur Indigenous Community, externalization of labor risks, gender inequality, and weak grievance mechanisms. The report also offers strategic recommendations for governments, companies, financial institutions, and civil society to promote more equitable, accountable, and sustainable governance of critical minerals.
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