The research institute Prakarsa has published the Multidimensional Poverty Index or IKM for the 2012-2021 period. Based on this index, the poverty ratio of Indonesia's population has decreased, but the figure is higher than the figure published by the government.
As is known, the poverty rate published by the government in 2021 is 9,9% of the total population. Meanwhile, IKM found by The Prakarsa reached 14,3%.
The Executive Director Prakarsa Ah Maftuchan explained that the difference in data was because the government's version of the poverty figure only uses a monetary lens. Meanwhile, SMEs use the lens of individual capability.
"We have confidence that IKM can explain how and in-depth context related to someone becoming poor," said Maftuchan at Hotel Sultan, Wednesday (9/7).
Maftuchan said that IKM can identify poor individuals because it uses a broader approach. According to him, the figures published by the government cover more regions, but produce relatively shallow data. Meanwhile, the data listed in the IKM includes variants that affect a person's life.
The Prakarsa recorded that the government's poverty rate consistently decreased from 11,8% in 2012 to 9,3% in 2019. This figure rose to 10% in 2020 and fell again in 2021.
At the same time, the national poverty index continues to shrink despite the Covid-19 pandemic. The poverty index recorded since 2012 still reaches 49%
The largest decrease in national IKM occurred in 2015 or fell 690 basis points on an annual basis to 35,3%. The number of poor people in 2015 decreased by 16,54 million to 89,85 million people.
In research The Prakarsa, the decline in the poverty index in the last 10 years was influenced by three factors, namely internet access, morbidity, and length of schooling.
Maftuchan assessed that the number of SMIs nationally can accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals or SDG's. According to him, the IKM research can complement the poverty data that has been published by the government so far.
"The government needs to immediately adopt a multidimensional poverty index as an official measurement method," he said.
Based on the research of The Prakarsa, there are 11 approach factors in calculating IKM. The 11 aspects are internet access, birth certificates, sanitation, cooking fuel, proper drinking water, population density, decent housing, length of schooling, school enrollment, morbidity and under-five nutrition.
This research shows that morbidity, adequate housing and adequate drinking water are the biggest factors that make the number of SMEs high. Of the approximately 39 million multidimensional poor people in 2021, 86,4% live in inadequate houses, 57% do not have access to drinking water, and 52,5% have morbidity or are sick. Reporter: Andi M. Arief Editor: Ameidyo Daud Nasution
Sumber: WordData
Author: Andi M. Arief
Editor: Ameidyo Daud Nasution
